General Discussion

We are told in the 1st Degree Charge ‘_you are to abstain from every topic of religious or political discussion_, in all masonic gatherings. This seemingly arbitrary rule finds profound justification within the framework of moral psychology, particularly Jonathan Haidt's (2012) influential Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). This short essay explores the theory's core tenets and demonstrates their applicability to the Masonic tradition.

Haidt argues that human morality is not solely a product of reason, but rather emerges from intuitive, evolutionarily shaped foundations (Haidt, 2012). These foundations, akin to taste buds, trigger gut feelings about right and wrong. He identifies six such foundations: Care/Harm (protecting the vulnerable), Fairness/Cheating (ensuring equity), Loyalty/Betrayal (in-group cooperation), Authority/Subversion (respect for hierarchy), Sanctity/Disgust (purity and reverence), and Liberty/Oppression (individual freedom). People prioritise these foundations differently, leading to inevitable moral disagreements (Haidt, 2012).

Moral psychologist Jonathan Baron (2008) reinforces this concept, highlighting the "moral conflict heuristic," where encountering situations that violate core values triggers immediate emotional responses, often hindering rational deliberation (Baron, 2008). Political and religious ideologies often map onto these moral foundations. Liberals tend to emphasize Care and Fairness, while conservatives value all six (Haidt, 2012). Discussions within these frameworks can quickly devolve into clashes of prioritised foundations, each side perceiving the other's viewpoint as morally deficient.

Freemasonry, in its pursuit of uniting men of good character irrespective of political or religious affiliation, seeks to avoid precisely this scenario. Discussing these topics within the lodge has the potential to trigger those moral foundation clashes, fracturing the very harmony it aims to cultivate.

However, the benefits extend beyond mere conflict avoidance. By focusing on common ground – shared values like brotherly-love, relief, and Truth– Freemasonry fosters a space for respectful dialogue and personal growth. Members can explore different perspectives without resorting to moral condemnation, potentially fostering a more nuanced understanding of their own moral foundations.

This focus on shared values aligns with social identity theory (SIT), which posits that individuals derive self-esteem from belonging to groups (Tajfel & Turner, 1979). Freemasonry, by de-emphasising divisive topics, strengthens the in-group identity and promotes positive intergroup relations within the lodge (Tajfel & Turner, 1979).

Furthermore, the ban isn't about suppressing individual beliefs. Masons are encouraged to develop their own moral frameworks. The lodge serves as a refuge from the divisiveness of the outside world, allowing members to build genuine connections based on shared values and mutual respect.

In conclusion, Freemasonry's ban on political and religious discourse is not an arbitrary rule, but a practice grounded in moral psychology. By understanding the reasons behind this tradition, Freemasons can not only appreciate its wisdom but also leverage it to build a more respectful and inclusive brotherhood.

References

Baron, J. (2008). Moral conflict: Theory and research. Oxford University Press.

Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Vintage Books.

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Psychological Review, 86(1), 27-44.

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